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Industry: Pulp and Paper

	Appearance	Observation	Locations	Mechanism
	Bulging tube adjacent to field weld	Bulging » Deformation	Waterwall	Long-term Overheat
	Metal thinning on fireside	Deformation » Thinning	SuperheaterWaterwall	Smelt/Slag Attack
	Porosity in weld	Holes, Pits, Gouges » Material Defect	Superheater	Weld Defect
	Fine cracks around studs	Cracking » Not in or near a weld » Transverse	Studded Waterwall	Thermal Fatigue
	Multiple cracks associated with attachment on outside of tube	Cracking » In or near weld or attachment » Longitudinal or Random	EconomizerWaterwall	Corrosion Fatigue
	Cracks close to attachments	Cracking » In or near weld or attachment » Longitudinal	Waterwall	Corrosion Fatigue
	Bulging tube adjacent to field weld	Bulging » Deformation	Waterwall	Long-term Overheat
	Appearance	Observation	Location	Mechanism